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¶óµð¿À¹ÌÅÍ(º¹»ç°è) radiometer
The Radiometer provides an introduction to the study of thermodynamics that sits on your desk or table top. Set it
in sunlight or incandescent light and watch the mill inside spin!
in sunlight or incandescent light and watch the mill inside spin!
¶óµð¿À¹ÌÅÍ´Â ´ç½ÅÀÇ Ã¥»óÀ§¿¡¼ ¿¿ªÇÐ °øºÎÀÇ ±âÃʸ¦ Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù. žçºûÀ̳ª Àüµî¿¡ ºñÃë¸é¼ ¾ÈÂÊÀÇ Ç³Â÷°¡ ȸÀüÇÏ´Â
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The radiometer consists of four vanes, each has one blackened side and one silvered side. It is encased in a cle
ar glass bulb that has a near perfect vacuum. So what happens to make the radiometer "work"?
Crookes originally believed that sunlight falling on the light-mill turned the vanes so that the black surfaces were
being pushed away by the light. He thought that this demonstrated that light radiation pressure on the black
vanes was turning it round just like water in a water mill.
¶óµð¿À¹ÌÅÍ´Â ³× °³ÀÇ ³¯°³·Î µÇ¾îÀÖÀ¸¸ç °¢°¢Àº °Ë°Ô Ä¥ÇØÁø ¸é°ú ÀººûÀ¸·Î µÈ ¸éÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº Åõ¸í À¯¸®±¸¿¡
µé¾îÀÖÀ¸¸ç °ÅÀÇ Áø°ø »óÅÂÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯¸é ¶óµð¿À¹ÌÅ͸¦ ¿òÁ÷À̵µ·Ï ¸¸µå´Â °ÍÀº ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡? Å©·è½º´Â ¿ø·¡ ³¯°³¿¡
ºÎµúÈ÷´Â ºûÀÌ °ËÁ¤Ç¥¸éÀ» ¹Î´Ù°í ¹Ï¾ú´Ù. ±×´Â ÀÌ º¹»ç¾Ð·ÂÀÌ Ç³Â÷ó·³ °ËÁ¤³¯°³¸¦ ȸÀüÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̶ó°í »ý°¢Çß´Ù.
being pushed away by the light. He thought that this demonstrated that light radiation pressure on the black
vanes was turning it round just like water in a water mill.
¶óµð¿À¹ÌÅÍ´Â ³× °³ÀÇ ³¯°³·Î µÇ¾îÀÖÀ¸¸ç °¢°¢Àº °Ë°Ô Ä¥ÇØÁø ¸é°ú ÀººûÀ¸·Î µÈ ¸éÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº Åõ¸í À¯¸®±¸¿¡
µé¾îÀÖÀ¸¸ç °ÅÀÇ Áø°ø »óÅÂÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯¸é ¶óµð¿À¹ÌÅ͸¦ ¿òÁ÷À̵µ·Ï ¸¸µå´Â °ÍÀº ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡? Å©·è½º´Â ¿ø·¡ ³¯°³¿¡
ºÎµúÈ÷´Â ºûÀÌ °ËÁ¤Ç¥¸éÀ» ¹Î´Ù°í ¹Ï¾ú´Ù. ±×´Â ÀÌ º¹»ç¾Ð·ÂÀÌ Ç³Â÷ó·³ °ËÁ¤³¯°³¸¦ ȸÀüÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̶ó°í »ý°¢Çß´Ù.
The problem with Crookes' explanation is that light falling on the black side should be absorbed, while light
falling on the silver side of the vanes should be reflected. This means that there would be twice as much
radiation pressure on the metal side as on the black and the mill would actually turn in the opposite way.
Å©·è½ºÀÇ ¼³¸íÀº °ËÁ¤¸é¿¡¼´Â ºûÀÌ Èí¼öµÇÁö¸¸ Àººû¸é¿¡¼´Â ¹Ý»çµÈ´Ù´Â °ÍÀε¥ , ÀÌ°ÍÀº Àººû¸é¿¡¼´Â µÎ ¹èÀÇ
º¹»ç¾Ð·ÂÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ÀÌ À̷п¡ ´Ù¸£¸é ¹Ý´ëÂÊÀ¸·Î ³¯°³°¡ ȸÀüÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
º¹»ç¾Ð·ÂÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ÀÌ À̷п¡ ´Ù¸£¸é ¹Ý´ëÂÊÀ¸·Î ³¯°³°¡ ȸÀüÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
What really happens is that the faster molecules from the warmer side of each vane strike the edges obliquely
and impart a higher force than the colder molecules. The movement of the vane as a result of tangential forces
around the edges, is away from the warmer gas and towards the cooler gas with the gas passing round the
edge in the opposite direction. Therefore, the movement is actually due to what happens near the edges of the
vanes rather than at the faces.
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